Artificial Intelligence in Today’s Society

mushy intelligence information in Todays Society Larry Anderson INF103 teacher Geathers November 21, 2011 The goal of many ready reckoner scientists since the mid-20th century has been to create a com enjoine machine that could set logical operations. (Bowles, 2010, 9. 2). The journey to achieving this is cal lead simulated Intelligence, which is considered to be the branch of reckoner science that is focuse on creating machines that engage in humans behavior, and word. The marches Artificial Intelligence was starting coined at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956 by John McCarthy. (McCorduck, 2004, 2. ). The Dartmouth conference paved the way for examining the use of reading processing systems to process symbols, the conduct for new languages and the role of figurers for theorem proving sort of of focusing on hardw ar that bogus intelligence. (Krishnamoorthy & Rajeev, 1996, 9. 1). Even though this name was coined in 1956, we saw artificial intelligence 15 years earlie r when the electronic computer was created in 1941. Artificial Intelligence is an exciting subject that will only get reveal with time, allowing humans to do affaires that were never thought to be reality, until the conk out some decades.In this paper, I will be telling you or so the quaternity main studies of artificial intelligence and their importance to our society, as well as how they be modify our ein truthday lives. These four studies are expert systems, innate language, neural networks, and golemics. Mostly all artificial intelligences dejection be categorise under these four studies. Not only are these technologies making purport easier, they are making bread and butter much enjoyable for all societies. The first shoot of artificial intelligence I will talk to the highest degree is expert systems. Expert systems are computer programs that contain large amounts of cultivation in a certain field.These programs use this large amount of cognition to solve pr oblems that normally would require human intelligence. The abundant thing about expert systems is that they can process information, in seconds, which would result humans days. all expert system is made up of two parts knowledge, and reasoning. The knowledge base of the expert systems contains both factual and heuristic knowledge. (Engelmore & Feigenbaum, 1993, 1. 2). The knowledge is the information, spot the reasoning is the problem solving aspect of the expert system. One common, just now powerful paradigm involves chaining of if- and then rules to form a line of reasoning. (Engelmore & Feigenbaum, 1993, 1. 2). For example, if you experience these symptoms, then you must(prenominal) have a head cold. Expert systems are affecting our everyday lives by diagnosing illnesses, and prophesying the weather. One of the first systems was a computer that could perform a medical diagnosis. (Bowles, 2010, 9. 2). A doctor can forecast symptoms into a computer, and then process a few questions for the doctor later answering the questions the computer will micturate a diagnosis of the patient.This is very useful to doctors because now they can see more patients, and give hopeful diagnosis efficiently. The second way expert systems are affecting our lives is by predicting the weather. Meteorologists are using these systems to help predict hurricanes and tornadoes. This is very helpful to society, boastful people more evacuation time during major storms. The second study of artificial intelligence is instinctive Language, which is considered human language. Natural language bear on programs use artificial intelligence to allow a user to authorise with a computer in the users natural language. (Poole & Mackworth, 2010, 12. 6). The computer can both understand and respond to commands given in human language. The two biggest hurdles in this study are phonetic knowledge, and pragmatic sanction knowledge. Phonetic knowledge concerns how words are know, and how words are realized as sounds. Pragmatic Knowledge has to do with how sentences are used in different contexts and how that affects sentence interpretation. Even with the tough barriers of language, and the meaning of words computer specialists are producing helpful natural language processing programs to better society. When was the become time you made a customer service call?Natural language is affecting you when you call a customer service number, and an change voice tells you to say a command. Voice-recognition systems are now use nighttime and weekend toll-free directory assistance calls for big corporations. (Poole & Mackworth, 2010, 12. 6). For example if you need to score your balance for a cell phone bill, a voice-recognition system can assist, without the need of a human. This allows the human customer service re frontatives to help customers with more labyrinthine questions. Another way natural language is being used is with Googles real time translation applicatio n.With this application you can take snapshots of things in a different language with your phone and it will return the words into your language in seconds. This can be useful when you are traveling in different countries, needing directions, or when you are selecting from a carte du jour in a different language. A neural network is, in essence, an attempt to simulate the mastermind. Neural network theory revolves around the thinking that certain key properties of biological neurons can be extracted and applied to simulations, consequently creating a simulated, and very much simplified brain. (Reingold & Nightingale, 4. 1).The first important thing to understand is that artificial neural networks are an attempt to recreate the computing potential of the brain. However, no one has ever simulated anything as complex as an actual brain which makes it very difficult to finish the firm project. Credit billhook fraud is very big in the present day, because many people are not using cash instead they are using credit cards and debit cards to make transactions. Nearly 400,000 transactions per day are of fraudulent charges. (Brause & Langsdorf, 1). Neural Networks are being used to detect fraud transactions with the principal of example recognition.Every time a credit card user uses their card there is a pattern of transaction. Neural network software uses information such as how much money a person makes, part of transactions made, and how frequent certain transactions are made to predict fraud. Neural network based fraud detection is based solely on the human brain working principal. As the human brain learns through past experience and uses its knowledge or experience in making the decision in daily life problem the equivalent technique is applied with the credit card fraud detection technology. (Patidar & Sharma 2. ). The last study of artificial intelligence I will be lecture about is robotics. Robots are physical agents that perform tasks by manipul ating the physical world. They perform tasks which are idealizations or extensions of human capabilities. (Selig, 1992, 1. 1). Robots have four characteristics sensing, movement, energy, and intelligence. First off, a robot must sense its surroundings using light, touch, and pressure sensors. secondly a robot must have movement a robot unavoidably to move around in its in environment, whether or not the whole robot moves, or just parts.Thirdly, a robot needs power to function properly, this energy could be solar, electrical, or battery powered. Last, it must have some kind of intelligence, such as software from a programmer in order to operate. Actual robots might seem resembling far off science fiction, but that is not the case robots have been affecting our everyday life for years. One of the biggest uses for robots today is in the automotive effort. Over the past few decades robots have completely changed the automobile industry in many ways.Even though the use of robots has also led to many workers losing their jobs, it is very cost effective. The robots are used for welding, painting, drilling, sanding, cutting, and moving tasks in manufacturing plants. The robots have improved this industry with a job efficiency that couldnt be duplicated by humans. These robots have made assembly lines and factories safer by handling jobs that are too dangerous and too difficult for workers to perform. Another great way that robots are working in societys favor is by modifying up toxic and contaminated areas that would otherwise be harmful to humans.The biggest reason that robots are able to do these jobs is that they can be easily shielded against hazardous environments and are easily replaceable, unlike humans. Robots are used to clean up nuclear waste or clean ammunition, and landmines all over the world. Robots are also an asset to the military because they can detect and diffuse bombs in a combat zone. These robots are rescue lives every day because they ar e able to go into situations that are life threating to humans and get the job done.The studies of expert systems, natural language, neural networks, and robotics are just in their early stages of advancements, but are already present important promising characteristics for the future of mankind. We already see these advancements being put to the test by making medical diagnosis, predicting weather, voice automated services, surprise transaction fraud, building automobiles, and cleaning up hazardous wastes. There is no doubt that Artificial Intelligence is already affecting society in ways that were never imagined decades ago.Technology will continue to explode into the side by side(p) few decades, excelling in Artificial Intelligence, how we embrace the advances, will define us as a society. Resources Bowles, Mark, D. (2010). Introduction to Computer Literacy. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education. McCorduck, P. (2004). Machines Who Think. Natick, MA. AK Peters, Ltd. Krishnamoorthy , C. , Rajeev, S. (1996). Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems for Engineers. CRC Press. Englemore, R. & Feigenbaum, E. (1993). Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence. WTEC Hyper-Librarian. Poole, D. & Mackworth, A. 2010). Artificial Intelligence Foundations of Computational Agents. Cambridge University Press. Reingold, E. & Nightingale, J. Artificial Intelligence Tutorial Review. http//www. psych. utoronto. ca/users/reingold/courses/ai/ai. html Brause, R. & Langsdorf. Neural entropy Mining for Credit Card Fraud Detection. J. W. Goethe-University. Frankfurt, Germany. Patidar, R. & Sharma, L. (2011). International Journal of well-off Computing and Engineering. Jaipur, India. Selig, J. (1992). Introductory Robotics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall International.