Custom Snowboards Essay

custom-made Snowboards, Inc. is liaisoned in securing blooding to dramatise into the European grocery store. Financial statistics subscribe been bidd inside this report to discuss the feasibility of this refinement. To fund the intent, bespoken Snowboards wishes to secure capital debt of $1,000,000. springer Snowboards has spewn consider open harvest in the percentage of piggy gross revenue and substantial join on in revenue. They expect coming(prenominal) gross gross revenue to continue to rise, which would be beneficial to the lender and fashion Snowboards. A horizontal summary get out be check up oned and leave alone reveal the use Snowboards pecuniary position everywhere a three-twelvemonth rate of flow. This testament do in the unquestion equal approval plow. The gagevass fleet look at mark points and go forth wait on to confirm habitude Snowboards energy to success broady expand into Europe. hitabilityThe pecuniary health of a go wit h reviews gross gross revenue, summarize assets and boodle worth in relation to how realise was earned (Hunt, 2013). Thus, income statements from a three stratum period testament be reviewed and this leave dish get a remoteize of use of goods and service of processs Snowboards mo realiseary health. remuneration Sales cabbage gross gross gross revenue ontogeny 32,200 or 0.49% from category 12 to social class 13. This indicates strength inwardly use Snowboards, even though the plus was borderline. grade 13 to stratum 14 sack up gross sales slaverped by 3.4% or $225,400. This does non figure well for usance Snowboards and could lay down a stir regarding the ability to repay the debt. The custom-made SNOWBOARDSComp eachs corrective action protrude should be reviewed to instruct if the deviates consumeed worked.Cost of Goods SoldThe personify of matures reassign in course 12 and 13 tilt magnitude by 0.49% or $22,400. This is considered strength. It dedicates since that engagement sales attachd that the occupyment for goods sold ontogeny as well. However, when give the sack sales veerd in form 13 and 14 so did the over establish for goods sold. This decrease is equal to a decrease in sales of 3.4%. on that point was no all over expense during this prison term frame and is find by the equal of goods sold and kale sales percentages were exactly the same. hoggish Profit socio-economic class 12 and 13 saw gross realize add by $9,800. Again, sales were extendd, so gross do good was cast upd by 0.049%. The gross profit was above $2,000,000 during family 12 and 13. crude profit by twelvemonth 14 had dropped 3.4% or $1,950,200. This is a overhear-to doe with for usage Snowboards, since it pay offs a diminution in revenue and viability. ope symmetrynal(a) Incomeoperating(a) income for twelvemonth 12 and 13 dropped by $63,000 or 23.56%. The demand income move to drop during course of instruc tion 13 and 14. By form 14, the direct income had travel $109,000 or 53%. This is a tinct for use of goods and services Snowboards and they may induct trouble paying each their liabilities. use of goods and services Snowboards finance team up plans to implement protocols to correct deficiencies in operating income. win sooner income tax incomeesEarnings in the first plaza income taxes dropped by $57,800 or 30% in social class 12 and grade 13. This continues to drop 82.74% during stratum 13 and twelvemonth 14. However, routine habitude SNOWBOARDSSnowboards anomic $106,000 on win beforehand income taxes. Earnings before income taxes stand by study a measurement of profitability, simply do non really re establish exchange recompense (Investopedia, 2013). To decide on credibility, other factors stool to be considered along with this item. However, customs Snowboards wants to contain transp arncy and accuracy in nerve-wracking to secure this debt. earni ngs IncomeNet Income was galvanic pile $43,350 or 30% during course of instruction 12 and course of instruction 13. This drop continue into form 13 and course of instruction 14 by continuing to drop 82.74% or $80,175. This is a concern for Custom Snowboards. This indicates potential problemsexist, such as workflow, crosswayion, and pay. Further to a greater extent, the mo sort outary picture of the association is not a healthy one.LiquidityTrading exercise deep down Custom Snowboards liquid is characterized as high up. The horizontal digest go forth specialize how quickly funds shadower be born-again into use. Also, the horizontal analysis lead help set up the conjunctions liquidity and the ability to digest obligations. property and interchange EquivalentsSh bes and bonds that stand be easily converted into cash be considered cash and cash a wish wells. This converted cash is whence this instant on tap(predicate) for use. Custom Snowboards had a cash a nd cash equivalent of 83.8% during twelvemonth 12 and class 13, notwithstanding that dropped to 7.2% in year 13 and year 14 since sales dropped during that period of clipping. This would be a concern for Custom Snowboards and indicates they may not submit the customs duty SNOWBOARDS 5assets avail fitting to keep immediate cash flow usable, oddly if sales atomic number 18 not as expected in Europe. substance authoritative Assets$142,260 or 19.3% represents the thorough accepted assets of Custom Snowboards during year 12 and year 13. However, in year 13 and year 14 tot legitimate assets poisonous 16%. This is a concern for Custom Snowboards since the society mustinessiness(prenominal)(prenominal) be possessed of prominent assets to fund ope balancens and pay expenses. Continued low sales and trammel assets is a concern for lenders and poses the question if Custom Snowboards would be able to meet its financial short-term obligations.SolvencyCustom Snowboards app ears to be financially solving from the review of the income statement and balance sheet. Custom Snowboards has minify liabilities and watched reconciled repayments to reduce long-run financial obligations. This is strength for Custom Snowboards since they saw sales drop.Long-term Liabilities course of study 12 and Year 13 saw long-run liabilities drop 6.4% and then drop another 6.8% in year 13 and year 14. This is strength for Custom Snowboards and shows a termination in reducing these liabilities. Custom Snowboards is attempting to register they ar committed to amplification and mathematical product. They anticipate the European involution result help consecrate sales and earnings that result help them meet their long liabilities. bespoken SNOWBOARDS 6Total LiabilitiesCustom Snowboards posted hit liabilities of $54,640 in year 12 and year 13, which is down 5.5%. Total liabilities continued to show a decrease during year 13 and year 14 of 6.2% or $57,520. This is strength for Custom Snowboards and shows a determination to reduce debt. Custom Snowboard has bequeathd transp arncy of its financial records to brook an takeing of the committal of the caller and to help with the approval process in securing the $1,000,000 debt.A2. RisksProfitability is distinguished in whatever occupation. To examine profitability, cost-saving measures must be considered and initiated to reduce financial lock a chances (Hunt, 2013). This go forth help Custom Snowboards continue to grow and know sales grow. Net SalesNet sales dropped $225,400 or 3.4% in year 13 and year 14. Merkgraf (2013) believes the way to increase net sales is to seduce module accountable after the implementation of specific sales strategies and the set the bar high. To accomplish this, the focus ordain withstand a bun in the oven to be on ring sales. This john be accomplished through market placeing and then the marketing figure will shoot to be addressed and han d over additional funds. Marketing and worldly concern relations sewer help increase the drop in sales and to inform consumers Custom Snowboards is planning expansion into the European market. A realistic design to strive for is a 20% increase in sales each year for the next fin geezerhood to help recover from the loss in sales and revenue. This will make the fellowship more than bankable and increase the net operating income. Marketing must focus on repeat guests and initiating creative promotional incentives that will bring in customer amuse. Sales staff must also find custom SNOWBOARDSThese incentives beneficial so they be able to be resourceful when utilizing sales tactics and to turn potential customers into actual customers. The actual plan must implement rules that are cost hard-hitting and do not increase cost during issue. The goal is to reduce spending and costs and increases sales.Gross ProfitGross profit was save at $1,950,200 or a decrease of 3.4% at the end of year 14. This is a concern since the goal of all logical argument is to increase gross profit to make the companionship more valuable. The bon ton must increase sales to keep gross profit up. Operating IncomeYear 12 and year 13 saw operating income drop $63,000 or 23.56%. Operating income continued to lour in year 13 and year 14 to $109,000 or 53%. Again, sales must increase for an increase in operating income to be seen. A possible strategy to increase sales is to allege individualised snowboards. These snowboards flush toilet be termsd little than other snowboards, thus reservation them more attractive to the customer. Also, it gives the customer a chance to obtain a product different from others and cheaper than others, which preserve increase the matter to to purchase the product.Earnings Before Income TaxesYear 12 and year 13 earnings before income taxes dropped $57,800 or 30%. This decline continued into year 13 and year 14 with a drop of $106,000 or 82 .74%. This is not a good sign for Custom Snowboards. Costs look at to be cut and counselling will need to determine where the compasss that can be trimmed exist. The goal of any business is profitability and growth. The play along will need to demonstrate they are capable of usance SNOWBOARDS 8meeting financial obligations when expansion into the European market is well underway.Net IncomeNet income dropped 30% or $43,350 in year 12 and year 13. This drop continued into year 13 and year 14 with a score drop seen of $80,175 or 82.74%. This indicates a worthless financial picture and position for Custom Snowboards. There may be yield or workflow problems that may give-up the ghost apparent and be concerning to lenders. This drop in net income affects eitherone at heart the follow. To increase net income, sales must be increased. Thus, the minimal advertising budget must pose additional funds allocated to increase sales and public relations. This is especially measurable d uring expansion to let customers know Custom Snowboards will be involved inside the European market. Cash and Cash EquivalentsCash and cash equivalents were preserve at 7.2% in year 13 and year 14. This is a substantial drop from previous recordings. To eliminate liquidity concerns, Custom Snowboards must increase the balance in cash and cash equivalents. showation causes for the decline must be determined and corrective plans must be implemented. An increase in marketing and public relations to increase product awareness is one example that could be implemented that would help generate sales.Total Current AssetsAssets are important in the business push down and profitability needs to rise for a connection to be no-hit. Total current assets dropped 16% in year 13 and year 14 for Custom Snowboards. This is a concern and companies that see assets drop are not profitable and over epoch lose money (Hammel, 2013). Total current assets need to be CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 9raised and to do so debt needs to be paid off or even down. However, Custom Snowboards needs to redirect some monies to be utilized during the expansion process. A3. proportionality AnalysisThe solvency of Custom Snowboards will be reviewed and confirmed by the symmetry analysis. Custom Snowboards is seeking a loan for $1,000,000 and has great potential for growth in the snowboard market. The snowboard market has seen a engage for the product and an increase in sales. Income statements and balance sheet from two years of financial information will be reviewed and presented.ProfitabilityGross Profit MarginCustom Snowboards financial health is determined by the gross profit bound. Year 13 Custom Snowboards gross profit margin was 30.4. This substance Custom Snowboards retained $0.30 out of every $1.00 earned. Year 14 saw no change in the gross profit margin. A gross profit margin of only 30.4 is not a unwavering margin ratio and indicates a weakness for Custom Snowboards, especially when the industry average was 32.1%. Custom Snowboards experienced a reduction in sales and was able to maintain the $0.30 per dollar sign in revenue, which indicates strength within the association. It goes without saying that profitability will be low when gross profit ratio is low (Horngren, 2009). Custom Snowboards plan to help the expansion project by eliminating expensive liabilities.Net Profit MarginCustom Snowboards net profit ratio was 1.5% in year 13 and with a downturn in sales in year 14 the ratio had dropped to 0.3%. This was well below the industry average CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS of 5.1% recorded by Winter Sports. This is a concern for Custom Snowboards since the business sustainability is in question if profit drops or is absent. Custom Snowboards needs to increase sales and show an increase in profits to ease any concerns lenders may pick up regarding the companys energy to reverse the unanticipated decrease. Return on Total AssetsCustom Snowboards overtake on total assets w as recorded at 5.4% in dispels in year 13, which is considered a blotto performance. The profitability and sales were watertight as well. However, Custom Snowboards chase away on total assets had dropped to 1.0% by the end of year 14 receivable to poor sales and profitability. A major rivalry, Winter Sports, recorded a more profitable year at 4.8% return on total assets. This demonst range the competitor was able to control over psyche better than Custom Snowboards. Return on Common EquityReturn on common dependableness demonstrates how equity is rough-and-readyly used to create more profits and is a large ratio for the company. The return on common equity for year 13 was 11.4% and is seen as strength for Custom Snowboards. It figures to $11 return on every $ blow earned by the company. However, by year 14 the return on common equity had dropped to $2 on every $100 earned. This was subpar and below the industry average. A major competitor, Winter Sports, recorded 8.1% return on common equity ratio.LiquidityCurrent RatioProblems with liquidity can be found within a common financial ratio. This will give an idea of what the working capital position is like for that company. Furthermore, CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS it will be a good indicator to determine if a company will be able to repay a debt within a 12-month time frame. A company with a high current ratio often has cash or stock list essential to pay for short-term debts. The current ratio for Custom Snowboards during year 13 was 6.82. This is an acceptable number, as 2 often is the indicator that determines whether a company is able to pay for short-term liabilities. Again, year 14 saw a decrease in numbers and lost almost one full point in the current ratio dropping to 5.84. This is not a cause for concern, yet demonstrates strength for Custom Snowboards and their position to meet short-term liabilities. This ratio is better than a major competitor, Winter Sports, who recorded a current ratio of 4.2 0. Acid-Test RatioInvestopedia (2013) defines an acid-test ratio as one that determines whether stock-taking needs to be sold to cover immediate liabilities or if a company has enough short-term assets to do so. Along with a current ratio, the acid-test ratio should lease a higher(prenominal) number to be in a better financial position. Year 13 recorded the acid-test ratio at 6.82 and year 14 at 3.64. Year 13 and year 14 are seen as strengths, since an acid test ratio should scram a 1 or higher to be considered able to meet current liabilities. Year 14 saw Custom Snowboards lose sales in a struggling economic system yet maintain a higher acidtest ratio than the industry average of 3.40. Again, this is seen as strength for Custom Snowboards and the ability to meet short-term obligations.SolvencyDebt RatioA debt ratio is reviewed to see the financial ability of a company to repay its debts and the ability to have a cushion to fall stick out upon should the need arise. Custom CUST OM SNOWBOARDSSnowboards has stringently worked to accumulate large cash and cash equivalent balances to help in case of an economic downturn and prevent a cash crisis. The debt ratio was 52.5% in year 13 and 50.4% in year 14. This reduction demonstrates company strength, since Custom Snowboards was able to continue to reduce debt magic spell confront a decline in profits and sales. However, Winter Sports were able to record a lower debt ratio of 38%. Custom Snowboards must develop a strategic plan to increase sales, reduce costs, and reduce current debts so they are able to reduce the risks for insolvency. Time Interest getA higher time interest earned ratio is fact mood on how well a company can make payments on interest owed for debts. To find this ratio, you must know the total earnings before interest and taxes of a company then divide by the total amount of interest due on the debt. Custom Snowboards recorded a 2.58 time interest earned in year 13 and 1.29 time interested e arned in year 14. A time interest earned ratio of 1.5 is indicative of the companys ability to make payments on the debt. Thus year 13 is strength for Custom Snowboards and was generating enough money to meet the interest payments owed. However, year 14 saw a decrease and a weakened financial position. This was due to a decline in sales and difficulty generating revenue. Winter Sports had a oft stronger financial position and recorded a time interest earned ratio of 5.10. B1. Historical AnalysisThe past and present performance information of Custom Snowboards liability and equity will be reviewed utilizing a horizontal analysis for year 12, year 13, and year 14. The balance sheet and income statement will be reviewed and compared to measure CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 13growth and reduction. The review will also look for insolvency so correctiveactions may be implemented.Net ProfitNet sales and growth in profit is important for company existence. Net sales for Custom Snowboards were recorded at $6,601,00 in year 12 and increased by $32,200 or 0.49% in year 13. Year 14 saw a decrease in net sales and recorded a drop of 3.40% and net sales of $6,407,800. Net sales, when up, indicate strength for a company and are indicative of a thriving business, only when down there is an effect on profit that everyone notices.Cost of Goods SoldThe cost of goods sold in year 12 and year 13 increased 0.49% and recorded expenditures of $32,000 more in year 13 on cost of goods sold. This actually amounted to the same as net sales during the same time period. Year 13 and year 14 saw costs of goods sold drop and net sales drop to 3.40%. These can be seen as strengths for Custom Snowboards since they are meeting the demand for their product and demonstrating a relationship between profit and cost of goods sold (Kennon, 2013). Gross ProfitCustom Snowboards recorded an increase in gross profits of 0.49% in year 12 to year 13. This is not surprise since net sales and cost of goods sold were r ecording an increase at this time. This is considered strength for Custom Snowboards because gross profits increased when sales increased. Year 13 to year 14 gross profits saw a dramatic drop of 3.40% or $600,000 due to the decline in sales from the economic downturn and the possibility of competitors selling similar products at reduced costs. CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 14Operating ExpensesOperating expenses for Custom Snowboards increased 4.21% or $733,000 in year 12 and year 13. This issue continued into year 14 and increased another 2.23% or 40,400 to a total of $1,853,200. Custom Snowboards must find a way to determine how operating expenses can be reduced without raising product wrongs yet increasing sales. full general and Admin ExpensesCustom Snowboards increased administrative salaries 4.76% in year 12 and year 13 when sales were increased as well. Salaries also increased during this time period 13.63%. This makes sense because sales were increased, so doing would need to be increased as well. Administrative compensation is a concern upon review and rose from $210,000 in year 12 to $250,000 in year 14. Year 14 saw sales drop and gross profits drop. The demand for products has been reduced and this is not feasible that compensation should continue to increase more than 13%.Executive SalariesCustom Snowboards increased executive salaries 2.63% in year 12 and year 13. The company proceeded to increase executive salaries again in year 13 and year 14 10.26%. This is not feasible and a concern for Custom Snowboards. The company needs to be cutting operating costs and compensation of executive salaries since a loss of sales and demand for products has happened. Custom Snowboards needs to standardize fruit practices for maximum efficiency, reduce staff hours to compensate for the decrease in takings demand, and reduce costs while the demand remains low. CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 15UtilitiesCustom Snowboards recorded increased utility costs of 7.14% or $17,000 in ye ar 12 and year 13 and then a continued increase of 1.96% or $5,000 increase for year 13 and year 14. The increase in year 12 and year 13 is not surprising because the demand for products was higher and sales were increased. The cost for utilities and energy consumption should then have decreased when drudgery demand waned. The utility budget for Custom Snowboards was not realistic, since sales increased 0.49% or $32,200 and that is less than half of what monies are provided within the utility budget. Current AssetsChanges in percentages on multiple accounts can affect profitability. Custom Snowboards recorded current assets that changed period to period by increasing and then decreasing.Cash and Cash EquivalentsCustom Snowboards recorded an 83.8% increase in cash and cash equivalents in year 12 and year 13. This gave the company a large cash balance and the ability to meet short-term obligations without problems. A 7.2% reduction in cash and cash equivalents in year 14 was reco rded when sales declined. The higher the cash and cash equivalents the more availability the company has to liquidate assets to cover short-term obligations. Accounts ReceivablesCustom Snowboards recorded a minimal increase of 0.5% in accounts receivable during year 12 and year 13. To have an increase in accounts receivable is a concern for the company since its indicative that customers are often having trouble making payments for products purchased. Accounts receivable was meliorate in year 13 and year CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 1614 when a decrease of 3.4% was recorded. This would be strength for the company and indicate the customer has paid for products purchased and revenue is moving in the right direction.Raw Materials neckclothRaw tangibles stock list increased 0.5% in year 12 and year 13, thus far decreased 3.4% in year 13 and year 14. To have limited raw materials strain for production is strength for Custom Snowboards. This limited list is easy to store when sales decline and easily affectionate when sales rebound and production increases. LiabilitiesLiabilities are obligations owed on short-term and long-run debts. Custom Snowboards decreased liabilities 5.5% in year 12 and year 13. The company was further able to reduce liabilities 6.2% in year 13 and year 14. This is strength for Custom Snowboards and is indicative of optimistic financial repayments. Accounts and Notes PayableCustom Snowboards accounts and notes payable increased 0.5% in year 12 and year 13, but decreased 3.4% in year 13 and year 14. This is considered strength for Custom Snowboards and is indicative of positive financial repayments. Total Current LiabilitiesCustom Snowboards total current liabilities increased for year 12 and year 13 0.3%, but year 13 and year 14 recorded a decrease of 3.4%. This is strength for the company and again shows a positive repayment story that exhibitscreditworthiness. This should tell lenders that Custom Snowboards is committed to repaying liabili ties even when a decline in sales happens.CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 17B1a. Future PerformanceA cut back analysis will be conducted to view financial changes that have transpired over the multiple years within Custom Snowboards. These changes will then be calculated, evaluated and used for simile to the cup of tea year to help develop a plan of action and provide direction for which Custom Snowboards will head financially. The base year is year 12 with $6,601,000 in net sales at 100%. Net sales recorded minimal growth in year 13 at 0.5% over base or 100.5%. Monetarily net sales recorded a $33,200 growth in year 13, which is not seen as a strong growth, especially since the demand for the product was decreasing. Year 14 recorded a drop in net sales to 97.1% from baseline in year 12 and 96.6% in comparison to year 13. This is a concern for Custom Snowboards since sales could not be maintained.Procedures may need to be reviewed to check for inconsistency and inefficiency in production and sa les so this may be corrected and sales can be pull aheaded. Pricing adjustments can be made and the product may become more appealing to potential and existing customers. Custom Snowboards forecasts a recovery of 3% in year 15 on the trend analysis, which will help strengthen their financial picture. Management envisions growth and net sales will occur and increase consistently as the economy improves. The forecast for year 16 is not as favorable as year 15 and net sales drop 1% or $100,000. The prices on products will be adjusted to remain competitive within the industry. Management believes the economy will recover then net sales and revenue will improve. Year 17 is forecasted to improve 3.7% over base line or total earnings of $6,647,452. This trend analysis shows the direction of Custom Snowboards believes the company can recover and become prosperous and grow.CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 18B2. Improvement RevisionLine items in use will be reviewed in the hit analysis to see what is pro fitable, cost effective and scoop practice for personalizing snowboards.The goal for Custom Snowboards is to increase net sales and revenue and limit liabilities, while making everyone happy. The company must maintain prices that can be competitive within the industry and European market yet maintain profit margins that are reasonable to succeed.A traditionalistic be regularity is currently implemented at Custom Snowboards. The company currently has two product lines, symmetrical snowboards and customized snowboards. The individual type of snowboard and the inventory ordered for each determines the cost of each snowboard. The assumption is the manufacturing cost drives the price of the product. The concern with this type of cost driver is it does not take into affection all the underlying costs that affect the overall product price (Johnson, 2013). Custom Snowboards must be more faultless in production costs to have increased profits without rising product determine and rem ain competitive in the industry. Activity establish costing could be something Custom Snowboards wants to implement to help obtain a more accurate picture of production costs. This mode allows a company to see the overhead in manufacturing and what each activity actually costs in the production process. It is more accurate and adjustments can be made with specific activities to reduce the amount of money spent.Custom Snowboards set abouts regular and personalized snowboards. Activity found costing can compare these manufacturing processes and see where the overhead costs are in each step of the production process for each product. The material and labor CUSTOM SNOWBOARDSCosts for twain traditional and activity establish costing is $3,375,143 for the regular snowboard. The personalized snowboard material and labor costs is $1,177,344 utilizing both the traditional and activity base costing methods.Custom Snowboards has a pretentiousness sum overhead invest for manufacturing usi ng the traditional costing method. standard snowboards sum is $1,068,982, while the personalized snowboards sum is $334,048. Utilizing the traditional costing method the total production cost is $4,444,125 for the regular snowboard and $1,511,392 for the personalized snowboard.Activity base costing distributes costs among the activities it takes for manufacturing to help determine accurate product determine. both(prenominal) activities included in activity based costing consideration are product tuition, quality control, package assembly and transfer, and miscellaneous items. Regular snowboards have a manufacturing cost of $546,863 utilizing the activity based costing method. Personalized snowboards activity based cost for manufacturing is $856,167. Thus, total cost for production for regular snowboards is $3,922,006 and personalized snowboards is $2,033,511.The activity based costing method reveals Custom Snowboards has overspent during the manufacturing and production proces s while utilizing the traditional costing method. The radical personalized snowboards have a greater factory setup cost, but should decrease over time as the product is sold. One improvement identified is packaging and tape transport of both products. There is a significant difference between the cost with regular snowboard packaging and shipping costing $266,072 and personalized snowboards packaging and shipping cost of $66,516. This is quite a dramatic difference, especially CUSTOM SNOWBOARDSSince regular snowboards comprise on 20% of sales while the personalized snowboard sells 80% of the sales out cast off. The activity based costing method can help trim costs and overspending while being able to forecast more accurate pricing and sales to contain a better return on investment.Custom Snowboards could utilize the just in time costing method that follows the principle materials do not sit in the warehouse, but are pulled when the demand is there for the product. This is not an ideal costing method for some businesses, since it leaves no wiggle room when forecasting the afterlife. The just in time method does minimize costs and production time, since these things take endue when there is a demand for the product and no excess inventory is left sitting around. This leaves more cash for the company to re-invest and improve costs.For just in time costing to work requires the company to forecast sales andevaluate excess inventory and materials. Custom Snowboards had $143,136 in excess inventory in year 14. This will continue to increase by 0.1% each year if no adjustments are made to production. Custom Snowboards has previously had excess inventory and materials left over annually. Utilizing the just in time costing method can help increase income for the company and help save time, costs, and resources during the production demands.B3. Internal and External RisksRisks that can be controlled by the company are immanent risks. Risks that happen outside of t he company and the company cannot control are external risks. External risks often happen without warning and this is why companies must have the forethought to be lively for many things. Some external risks include environmental issues, currency CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS permutation rates, economic factors, and ratified issues both domestic and internal. Internal risks may include production staffing, spoken communication barriers, and steering structure. Management Structure and StaffingStaffing and charge structure would be considered an internal risk since Custom Snowboards will have to make changes in the management structure with expansion into Europe. The company will have business trading operations in two countries and the goal will generally need to remain the same at both locations. The leaders will need to be both effective and efficient to guide the company to a successful transition. Staffing will play a major role, since multiple positions will have multiple people worki ng in that role in both facilities. The leadership of the company will have to evaluate these positions to maximize efficiency to work towards increased revenue and profits. prejudice of FocusExpansion may often cause a shift of business focus to change and move away from important issue like quality assurance, production efficiency, and production deadlines. Leadership must ensure the company has a strong core to stay focused on the business goals for current and future project successes. verbiage and Cultural BarriersExpansion into Europe is bound to cause language and cultural barriers. A new country and market can cause interactions to be strained if language and cultural barriers cannot be breached. Language is important in business to ensure communication is effective the company must have leaders that know the language in the new country and are sensitive to the cultural differences for a successful expansion. It would be CUSTOM SNOWBOARDSDeferential to smash potential cust omers, thus ruining company relations. The business goal is to prosper.Currency Exchange RatesThe expansion into the European market will require Custom Snowboards to deal with alien currency. The foreign currency rates change frequently and Custom Snowboards will have to convert this into US Dollars. The company will have to ensure they are not losing money on their products and they are not overspending on production costs. The company cannot control this external risk factor, but they do need to try and prepare for any eventually that may affect the company. The US economy may be strong, but a garland of things can cause this to crash and the same goes for the European economy. Foreign economy can lead to large fluctuations and for great revenue gains, but it also means it can cause big losses as well.International statutory RisksInternational and US heavy risks are similar in constitution and can cause several problems. Custom Snowboards must understand the tax laws and ope rations as it expands into the European market. The company must understand the legal standards of the business operations in the market. The company must ensure they have met all the obligations of the law within the countries they will be providing services to and to defray any problems that may arise. Also, by understanding these laws Custom Snowboards can go along costly legal fees and fines.Environmental RiskAn external risk beyond Custom Snowboards control is an environmental risk. Snowboards require snow and winter. Environmental factors can severelyaffect sales of CUSTOM SNOWBOARDSSnowboards. Dry, warm climates are less likely to need a snowboard. Marketing is important in this typeface and should focus on surface areas that have winter seasons and snow. European areas vary in climate and marketing should focus on areas that are prime for skiing. brook patterns may also play a role in environmental risk. El Nino and La Nina can affect the winter season and how much snow and how cold the area actually gets.Complete node sufficeCustomer service is important with any business. The goal is to help work out any issues a customer may have to reduce the dissatisfaction. Custom Snowboards will have a large area to cover within the European market and must be cogzignant of a wide variety of languages and customs to be aware of. Customer support should be favourable for all consumers. A positive customer service experience will lead to good reviews and word-of-mouth sales, which boost revenues. Poor customer service travels fast and would hurt Custom Snowboards and reduce sales and revenue.Reputable SuppliersCustom Snowboards must be able to get products to the European lay to produce the snowboards. Communication skills are key to dealing with business partners to reduce any potential obstacles. Business practices must be clarified to avoid any complications. Product quality must be written contractually to avoid any possible confusion. Individuals wit h good communication skills must be primed(p) in the positions to help secure these suppliers to keep product quality the best and available for production. CUSTOM SNOWBOARDSB3a. RecommendationManagement Structure and StaffingA management and staff model must be developed and utilized to diminish risks. The plan must outline the companys organizational map and who reports to whom. The organizational chart will outline each department of the company and the staff that are identified within each department. The company will then develop specific job descriptions for each position to  explain the role and expectations. Custom Snowboards management team will then be able to identify what positions are exactly needed and where cuts can be made. This will help ensure the strongest staff is in place for the expansion to deal with issues as they arise. A plan in place will ensure the company can ensure smooth transitions for future expansions.Loss of FocusLoss of focus in current bus iness practices requires a business plan to keep the company trained on the goal. The business plan will actually outline the goals Custom Snowboards has and where they want them to lead to. The company will implement the staffing plan into the business plan to apologise risk. A taskforce will be formed that will focus solo on the management of the US plant, but will receive updates on the planned European expansion.Language and Cultural BarriersLanguage and cultural issues require training and education to reduce risk. Employees who are educated on languages and cultures are more likely to be comfortable and less likely to offend the customer. Custom Snowboards can hire interrupters to help staff until all are comfortable within new positions and skills have been attained. The CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 25company should also consider hiring staff from all different cultures to strengthen the object lesson and company. Custom Snowboards should hold training seminars frequently to reinforc e cultural identities served, especially when employees will be traveling to a new area.Currency Exchange RatesCurrency exchange rates are external risks, but Custom Snowboards are preparing to reduce any damage that affects the company. The exchange rates change frequently. The company will want to compare products with competitors to understanding pricing concerns prior to the expansion. The cost for production should carefully considered reducing all necessary overhead to increase revenue. The European financial market trends must be evaluated and then trend projections can be created. The financial market is not totally auspicateable so it not able to mitigate risk completely.International Legal RisksA legal team that is well indite with international law is key to reduce risk. Also, a management team that is aware of potential pitfalls and risks associated with international is key to have in charge during expansion. The company must comply with all laws and ensure they unde rstand all the laws of the countries that they will be doing business with. The company should educate staff on what laws are pertinent to their respective departments and keep them abreast of changes. Custom Snowboards should ensure they have enough cash available to survive, should issues arise. Environmental RisksCustom Snowboards has suddenly no control over the environment. They can ensure plants and warehouses are cutting-edge and in stable condition to be able to weather CUSTOM SNOWBOARDSAny type of weather they may encounter. Production needs to take place in multiple areas, so should something happen to one area they can continue production without further losses. Custom Snowboards can review and analyze annual weather reports to help forecast trends and be prepared for the unexpected. An environmental risk can take many forms and is hard to predict and control. The company must have multiple contingency plans in place for this reason.Customer ServiceCustomers are essenti al to a business. The profitability of a business relies greatly on how satisfied a customer is, repeat business and potential new customers because of word of mouth advertising. A cost free call center will allow customers to call in with any questions or concerns regarding the products purchased. Custom Snowboards staff will be able to address these concerns and questions, but only after undergoing an educational training academic session and establishing a process standard of communication. The company will develop a communication and relationship curriculum to help focus on long-term relationships (Joseph, 2013).Reputable SuppliersCustom Snowboards must research suppliers available within the area of the European expansion to ensure a reputable supplier is found that is both original and has quality products. The business terms and contractual expound must be attended to minimize the chance of fraud. The contract must be written in terms that both parties understand to e nsure no misunderstandings take place. It would be helpful for Custom Snowboards to employee area natives to help interpret when needed. CUSTOM SNOWBOARDSB4. Potential ReturnsCustom Snowboards is planning to expand into the European market. They will expand their customer base, increase revenue and experience a growth rate. Projected annual sales are expected to increase for year15 to year 19. Year 15 annual sales of $1,271,720 are communicate and expected to increase to $2,390,085 at year-end of 19. Also intercommunicate to increase is net cash flow especially as this has a direct relationship with the cost of goods sold. The forecast net income peaks at $256,703 in year 19 up from $98,550 in year 15. The European expansion is projected to build a strong financial future for Custom Snowboards.The Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return are reviewed when feel at the capital budget of a business. The future value and present value of a company is indicated based on cash flow s under the net present value. Custom Snowboards is ready to invest $1,000,000 into an expansion project in Europe. This is based on cash flows over five years and the present total value of the company with a market change factored in or $1,028,437. This means the company will be profitable in the European market and see a return on their sign investment. The internal rate of return looks at the rate the project grows at. Custom Snowboards looks at to return 10.8% over 5 years based on the initial $1,000,000 investment. The minimum rate of return or overleap rate is set at 10%. This means the company will make a profit in the future on the initial investment. The net present value and internal rate of return are beneficial to companies when predicting future growth on investment. Companies that have a strong net present value and internal rate of return are able to secure loans and expand. This is important for the future CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 28successes of companies. Custom Snowboa rds is predicting returns on their initial investment with the European expansion and increases in revenue. Custom Snowboards must evaluate their fiscal responsibility to determine if leasing or corrupting is in the best interest of the company. The company will need to put a $50,000 down payment from working capital and $800,000 to either buy or lease a rapidness. Analysis determines purchasing a facility would be in the best interest of the company. The present value fount to lease is $653,355 and $597,723 to purchase a edifice. The tax deductions available would provide a benefit to the company as well. Custom Snowboards should consider obtaining borrowing money for a long-term debt from an outside source. The optimal capital structure that would provide the best return is to fund the project in Europe over five years. This would allow for 1.547 earning per cover to accrue even though the debt will require a 6% interest rate on return. This will also help preserve cash flow since a uninterrupted repayment is easier to budget and earnings can continue to grow. Custom Snowboards is reliable and creditworthy. This will be easier for them to obtain the long-term debt.Debt financing can provide a benefit to Custom Snowboards since they would be able to deduct interest on the business taxes at the end of the year (Daniels, 2013). Having an outstanding debt can be a downfall for a company as well. The company is under the obligation to make payments to the lender in a by the bye manner and if the projected revenue is not as expected this will be detrimental to the company and capital structure.The budgeting process will help Custom Snowboards decide to expand into the European market. The management team must look at all the capital budgeting CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 29techniques to understand the total viability of the project. The decision will not be an easy one, but will require careful review of the entire financial picture. B5. digestCustom Snowboards has d emonstrated that European expansion is an idea that is viable for the company. The company must now decide if they wish to build, merge, or charter within the European market. This will not be an easy decision, but meticulously made after analyzing the capital structure and corporate strategies. Custom Snowboards has the survival to build a new plant within the European market. They would need to determine where the plant would be located and acquiring the necessary land and permits. The company would be required to pelf from scratch to get started.The plant would be built to the companys specifications and could be economical, but would require a large amount of money for start-up initially. Buying a structure is another excerpt available to Custom Snowboards, but ties the company to the area. This would be the smartest move based on the financial data available. It would be cost effective and allow the company to move in after the building is adapted to the needs of the company. However, leasing a facility would give Custom Snowboards the luck to leave the area if the forecasted expectations are not attained and things are not as viable as hoped.Custom Snowboards has the option to merge with SnowFun, Inc. This would provide the expansion into the European market that Custom Snowboards desires. The fusion would provide the prospect to increase profits, earnings per share from $0.98 to $1.18, have less competition, and expect a strong return on investment. SnowFun stockholders will benefit more from the conjugation than Custom Snowboards in regards to CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 30earnings per share, since SnowFun will see earnings per share will go from $0.26 to $1.18. Custom Snowboards would have 200,000 market shares pre-merger and 500,000 after the merger has taken place. Custom Snowboards can buy shares back to reduce the amount available to the public and the stockholders will increase the earnings per share. This would be beneficial to the stockhold ers, but is not always available immediately after a merger has taken place.Custom Snowboards would also see increased company worth if a merger took place. They would gain invaluable contacts from SnowFun and gain perceptivity on the European snowboard market that they would not otherwise have. However, a merger would leave the company with excess employees. This can lead to disgruntle employees and low staff moral. Customers may be aware of this and startle away from purchasing products from this newly merged company. Custom Snowboards will need to ensure everyone feels valued and is happy. It would be beneficial to find displaced employees another position, but that is not always possible. This would go along ways to reassure customers as well, as it shows the company is willing to make concessions to keep the customer happy and taken care of.Finally, Custom Snowboards could acquire SnowFun, Inc. Custom Snowboards would then have to buy out SnowFun and acquire full owner ship of the products, materials, and debts they have. SnowFun is requesting $720,000 from Custom Snowboards to acquire full rights to the company. The net present value of SnowFun is $732,522. An increase of $12,522 would be seen for Custom Snowboards over a fiveyear period. This option would increase the earnings per share to $2.40. CUSTOM SNOWBOARDSAs mentioned with the merger option, Custom Snowboards would gain invaluable contacts from SnowFun and gain insight on the European snowboard market that they would not otherwise have. The company would increase earnings per share for stockholders. They would have factory and production equipment readily available to start production right away without delay. They would gain product development knowledge from what SnowFun had previously completed and this could lead to refined processes of current products.However, a merger would leave the company with excess employees. This can lead to disgruntled employees and low staff moral. Custome rs may be aware of this and shy away from purchasing products from this newly merged company. Custom Snowboards will need to ensure everyone feels valued and is happy. It would be beneficial to find displaced employees another position, but that is not always possible. This would go along ways to reassure customers as well, as it shows the company is willing to make concessions to keep the customer happy and taken care of. Also, it is hard to integrate two companies and acquire the debt from SnowFun. This could harm the company if they do not budget for this newly acquired debt. Custom Snowboards best option is to decline the offer to acquire SnowFun, but to merge the companies. The costs to start a new company would be limited and there would be a readily accessible building, contacts, product knowledge, market knowledge, and increased earnings per share. Not all employees will be able to retain their job, however the employees that remain will be the most knowledgeable regardi ng the product to boost sales and revenue. This will help the company attain the success it hopes to achieve.CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 32B6. PresentationThe recommendation was made to initiate a merger between Custom Snowboards and SnowFun, Inc. The financial information reviewed shows the companies will produce an increase in capital from net sales and reduce production costs. This will provide the stockholders with a higher return on investment due to growth after the merger has taken place.Merging will not require Custom Snowboards to acquire a large amount of living or long-term debt since a stock exchange will take place. The earnings per share for Custom Snowboards will increase $0.92 and SnowFun $0.20. A total of 500,000 shares will be available after the merger. SnowFun will receive 3 shares to every 1 share that Custom Snowboards receives. There are quartette structures to review Long term debt, 30% long term debt and 70% common stock, 80% long-term debt and 20% common stock, and no long-term debt (common stock only). Custom Snowboards hopes to obtain $1,000,000 through one of these types of structure. The earnings per share for each year based on earnings before interest and taxes from the European forecasts for year 15 through year 19.EarningsPer divisionYear 15 Year 16 Year 17 Year 18 Year 18 Year 19Long-TermDebt0.034 0.203 0.407 0.589 0.720 1.95330% Long-Term/70% conduct0.068 0.130 0.204 0.270 0.318 0.9980% Log-Term/20%Stock0.052 0.165 0.300 0.422 0.509 1.448No Long-Term Debt(StockOnly)0.072 0.121 0.179 0.231 0.268 0.87CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 33The long-term debt option would be the second choice for expansion for Custom Snowboards should they not want to merge. The total earnings per share in year 19 would be $1.953 and higher than any other option. The long-term debt would also have consistent payments periodical that would be easier to budget and to forecast sales against. Custom Snowboards is a viable company that is growing and making advances. Areas of improvement do need to be made to continue this progressive growth, but they are in a position to expand into Europe. Thanks to financial responsibility they are in the position to take on debt if necessary to make this expansion happen. A merger with SnowFun, Inc. would provide virility to the company and provide a positive base for continued growth.CUSTOM SNOWBOARDS 34ReferencesHunt, J. 2013. What determines a Companys Profitability? Retrieved on whitethorn 11, 2014 from http//smallbusiness.chron.com.Investopedia. 2013. Activity-Based Costing ABC. Retrieved on whitethorn 2, 2014 from www.investopedia.org.Investopedia. 2013. Operating Income. Retrieved on April 30, 2014 from www.investopedia.com.Johnson, R. 2013. Traditional Costing Vs. Activity-Based Costing. Retrieved on May 3, 2014 from http//smallbusiness.chron.com.Joseph, C. 2013. Advantages & Disadvantages of Customer Service Jobs. Retrieved on May 11, 2014 from http//work.chron.com.Kennon, Joshua. 2013. Cost of Goods So ld COGS. Retrieved on May 11, 2014from http//beginnersinvest.about.com.Markgraf, B. 2013. 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