Global Terrorism

Early Mongols had only spiritual sculpture and painting, no decorative sculpture for homes or humanity places, and no representational or abstract painting (Lattimore 216). Until the untimely twentieth century, Mongolia was exceptionally economically undeveloped as a society. Nomadic illiterate herders made up most of the population. Their peripheral economic activities medium-largely served to support petty nobles and a large number of Buddhist monks. The limited commerce was controlled by Chinese merchants. Venereal disease, poor nutrition, and barbaric multitude practices were a break of the cordial milieu (Worden 59).

Mongolian land is geographically extreme--mountains and earthquakes--, and the humor is characterized by long, cold winters. Winter ice killed off tens of thousands of sheep and cattle (Worden 66). These harsh conditions and the pastoral nomadism shaped every aspect of Mongolian history, art, and sculpture.

Furthermore, a strict pattern of political, social, and economic power dramatically limited the freedom of creative individuals in Mongolia. In handed-down feudal Mongolian society, all status was hereditary. Exchanges were controlled by social relations rather than an impersonal market based on money.

Politics were based on a hierarchy of near-total service to the overlords. Formal education and social mobility existed only within the monaster

Lattimore, Owen. Nomads and Commisars: Mongolia Revisited. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962.

ies of Tibetan Buddhism or Lamaism. plenty were required to provide houses and livestock to the overlords and to serve in military duty. Mongol aristocrats ran up huge debts to Chinese and Russian merchants and when touch for payment, extracted more livestock from the commoners (Worden 80-81).

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